April 30, 2009
Carrot cake study on sugar in type 2 diabetes-(2)
continue....
Professor Gary Frost,who led the study,explained in this study,the energy intake of these patients was spread evenly over a day.Correspondingly,they did not gain weight of show an increase in blood glucose levels at the end of the study;in addition,their cholesterol levels and insulin sensitivity did not change.He added the results of this small,short-term study support other scientific studies,which suggest that there could be more flexibility with sucrose in the diets of patients with type 2 diabetes.There is evidence from other studies(reviewed by Kirk et al 2000)that inclusion of sucrose may help people to lower their fat intake,which in turn may be beneficial to overall health.
Professor Frost continued this research is in line with the dietary guidelines set by the American Diabetes Association(2007),which state that sucrose does not cause a greater increase in blood glucose levels than an equivalent amount of starch.Therefore sucrose of sucrose-containing foods should be treated similarly to other carbohydrate containing foods by people with diabetes;either substituted for other carbohydrates in the total daily intake,or managed with appropriate diabetes medication.
Carrot cake study on sugar in type 2 diabetes-(1)
New study adds to new thinking on sugar in the diabetes diet Patients with type 2 diabetes are often advised to cut out sucrose (table sugar) all together.However,in recent years this traditional advice has been questioned by some researchers who suggest that moderate amounts of sugar can be safely consumed as part of the diet of patients with diabetes.Now a new study has been published that is consistent with this revised approach.It showed that patients who increased their daily sugar intake(in the form of carrot cake) but maintained a stable body weight,showed no adverse changes in their blood glucose.
The study was conducted by the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics at London'sHammersmith Hospital.There slices of carrot cake were added to the daily diets of nice,overweight type 2 diabetes patients over 24 days (bringing their daily total to 88g or 18 teaspoons of sugar).Consumption of the carrot cake slices was evenly distributed across the day.Several measurements were recorded at the beginning and end of the study,including the patients'weight,blood sugar(glucose) levels,cholesterol levels,and insulin sensitivity(which is a measure of how well the body responds to the hormone insulin).
Now ,let's have a rest!!!
Diabetes：Functional Waning of Naturally Occurring CD4+ Regulatory T-Cells Contributes to the Onset of Autoimmune Diabetes
Key Words:APC,antigen-presenting cell-CFSE,carboxyfluorescein succinimidylester-FACS,fluorescence-activated cell sorter-HBSS,Hanks'balanced salt solution-H-E,hematoxylin-eosin-IL,interleukin-IPEX,immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy,enteropathy,and X-linked inheritance-MAB,monoclonal antibody-nTreg,naturally occurring Foxp3+CD4+ regulatory T-cells-pancLN,pancreatic lymph node-Teff cell,effector T-cell ,tumor necrosis factor-a
OBJECTIVE-In this study,we asked whether a possible quantitative or qualitative deficiency in naturally occurring Foxp3+CD4+ regulatory T-cells (nTreg),which display potent inhibitory effects on T-cell functions in vitro and in vivo,may predispose to the development of type 1 diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-We assessed the frequency and function of Foxp3+ nTreg cells in primary and secondary lymphoid tissues in the NOD animal model of type 1 diabetes.
RESULTS-We show that the cellular frequency of Foxp3+nTreg cellsin primary and secondary lymphoid tissues is stable and does not decline relative to type 1 diabetes-resistant mice.We show that thymic and peripheral CD4+CD25+ T-cells are fully functional in vivo.We also examined the functional impact of CD4+Foxp3+ nTreg cells on the development of autoimmune diabetes,and we demonstrate that nTreg cells do not affect the initial priming or expansion of antigen-specific diabetogenic T-cells but impact their differentiation in pancreatic lymph nodes.
Mreover,CD4_Foxp3+ nTreg cells also regulate later events of diabetogenesis by preferentially localizing in the pancreatic environment where they suppress the accumulation and function of effector T-cells.Finally,we show that the nTreg cell functional potency and intra-pancreatic proliferative potential delines with age,in turn augmenting diabetogenic responses and disease susceptibility.
CONCLUSIONS-This study demonstrates that Foxp3-expressing nTreg cells in NOD mice regulate diabetogenesis,but temporal altetations in nTreg cell function promote immune dysregulation and the onset of spointaneous autoimmunity.
Articleβ Cells Can Be Generated from Endogenous Progenitors in Injured Adult Mouse Pancreas
Novel strategies in diabetes therapy would obviously benefit from the use of beta(B) cell stem/progenitor cells.However,whether or not adult B cell progenitors exist if one of the most controversial issues in today's diabetes research.Guided by the expression of Neurogenin 3(Ngn 3),the earliest islet cell-specific transcription factor in embryonic development, we show that B cell progenitors can be activated in injured adult mouse pancreas and are located in the ductal lining.Differentiation of the adult progenitors if Ngn 3 dependent and gives rise to all isget cell types,including glucose responsiveB cells that subsequently proliferate,both in situ and when cultured in embryonic pancreas explants.Multipotent progenitor cells thus exist in the pancreas of adult mice and can be activated cell autonomously to increase the funtional B cell madd by differentiation and proliferation rather than by self-duplication of pre-existing B cells only.
Ablation of CD11c-Positive Cells Normalizes Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Insulin Resistant Animals
Obese adipose tissue is characterized by infiltration of macrophages.We and others recently showed that a specific subset of macrophages is recruited to obese adipose and muscle tissue.This subset expresses CD11c and produces high levels of proinflammatory cytokines that are linked to the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance.Here,we used a conditional cell ablation system,based on transgenic expression of the diphtheria toxin receptor under the control of the CD11c promoter,to study the effects of depletion of CD11c+ cells in obese mouse models.Our results show that CD11c+ cell depletion results in rapid normalization of insulin sensitivity.Futhermore,CD11c+ cell ablation leads to a marked decrease in inflammatory markers,both lacally and systemically,as reflected by gene expression and protein levels.Together,these results indicate that these CD11c+ cells are a potential therapeutic target for treatment of obesity-related insulin resistance and type II diabetes.
Deficiency of a -arrestin-2 signal complex contributes to insulin resistance
Insulin resistance, a hallmark of type 2 diabetes,is a defect of insulin in stimulating insulin receptor signalling 1,2,which has become one of the most serous pubkic health threats.Upon stimulation by insulin,insulin receptor recruits and phosphorylates insulin receptor substrate proteins 3,leading to activation of the phosphatedylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI(3)K)-Akt pathway.Activated Akt phosphorylates downstream kinases and transcription factors,thus mediating most of the metavolic actions of insulin 4,5,6.B-arrestins mediate biological funcions of G-protein-coupled receptors by linking activated receptors with distinct sets of accessoty and effecter proteins,thereby determining the specificity,efficiency and capacity of signals 7,8,9,10,11.Here we show that in diabetic mouse models,B-arrestin-2 is severely downregulated.Knockdown of B-arrestin-2 exacebates insulin resistance,whereas administration of b-arrestin-2 restores insulin sensitivity in mice.Further investigation reveals that insulin stimulates the formation of a new B-arrestin-2 signal complex,in which b-arrestin-2 scaffolds Akt and Src to insulin receptor.Loss or dysfunction of B-arrestin-2 results in deficiency of this signal complex and disturbance of insulin signalling in vivo,thereby contributing to the development of insulin resistance and progression of type 2 diabetes.Our findings provide new insight into the molecular pathogenesis of insulin resistance, and implicate new preventive and therapeutic strategies against insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
Common Variants of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1B are Associated with Type 2 Diabetes in a Chinese Population
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jiao Tong University Affiliated sixth people's Hospital,shanghai diabetes institute,shanghai clinical center for diabetes.
Objective:Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1B(HNF 1B)is a transcription factor that is critical for pancreatic cell formation and glucose homeostasis.Previous studies have reported that common variants of HNF 1B were associated with type 2 diabetes in Caucasians and West Africans.However analysis in the subjects from the Botnia study and Malm?Preventive Project produced a conflicting result and the role for HNF 1B in type 2 diabetes susceptibility has remained unclear.We therefore investigated common variants across the HNF 1B gene in achinese population.
Research Design and Methods:Fifteen tagging SNPs were analyzed for association with type 2 diabetes in subjects with type 2 diabetes (n=1,859) and normal glucose regulation(n=1,785).
Results:Consistent with the initial study,we observed evidence that the risk G allele of rs4430796 in intron 2 was significantly associated with type 2 diabetes (odds ratia [OR] 1.16 [95 CI% 1.05 - 1.29],P=0.0035,empirical p=0.0475).
Furthermore,the at-risk G allele was associated with earlier age at diagnosis in the type 2 diabetic subjects(P=0.0228).
Conclusions:The result of this study provides evidence that variants in the HNF 1B region contribute to suscepribility to type 2 diabetes in the chinese population.
Objective:Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1B(HNF 1B)is a transcription factor that is critical for pancreatic cell formation and glucose homeostasis.Previous studies have reported that common variants of HNF 1B were associated with type 2 diabetes in Caucasians and West Africans.However analysis in the subjects from the Botnia study and Malm?Preventive Project produced a conflicting result and the role for HNF 1B in type 2 diabetes susceptibility has remained unclear.We therefore investigated common variants across the HNF 1B gene in achinese population.
Research Design and Methods:Fifteen tagging SNPs were analyzed for association with type 2 diabetes in subjects with type 2 diabetes (n=1,859) and normal glucose regulation(n=1,785).
Results:Consistent with the initial study,we observed evidence that the risk G allele of rs4430796 in intron 2 was significantly associated with type 2 diabetes (odds ratia [OR] 1.16 [95 CI% 1.05 - 1.29],P=0.0035,empirical p=0.0475).
Furthermore,the at-risk G allele was associated with earlier age at diagnosis in the type 2 diabetic subjects(P=0.0228).
Conclusions:The result of this study provides evidence that variants in the HNF 1B region contribute to suscepribility to type 2 diabetes in the chinese population.
April 26, 2009
Diabetes in the workplace---Winning at Work Resources
Increase diabetes awareness in your workplace with the new Message in a Box Diabetes Awareness Kit including posters,table tents and diabetes risk tests.There naterials are ideal for employee cafeterias,break rooms,fitness centers and other workplace locations.
Implement diabetes detection,prevention and management activities in your workplace.The comprehensive Winning an Work Guide includes resources to implement a multi-pronged workplace program.For additional resources and information,download the activities included in the Guide or click on the links below.
Diabetes in the workplace--why wining at work?
Diabetes has reached epidemic proportions in the US,affecting a growing number and percentage of people every year.Many people do not recognize that they are at risk for diavetes.However,type 2 diabetes can be prevented or delayed for many of those an high risk for diabetes and diabetes-related complications can be also be prevented or delayed for diabetes and diabetes.Learn more about diabetes and its impact on your workplace.
April 25, 2009
What care to expect
Whether you have just been diagnosed or had diabetes for some time it is important that you get regular high quality healthcare.This will help to ensure that your diabetes,blood pressure and blood fats are all kept in check as well as detecting any early signs of complications so that they can be caught and treated successfully.
Pre-Diabetes
Before people develop type 2 diadetes,they almost always have "pre-diabetes"---blood glucose levels that are higher than normal but not yet high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes.There are 57 million people in the United States who have pre-diabetes.Recent research has shown that some long-trem damage to the body,especially the heart and circulatory system,may already be occurring during pre-diabetes.
Research has also shown that if you take action to manage your blood glucose when you have pre-diabetes,you can delay or prevent type 2 diabetes from ever developing.Together with the national institute of diabetes and digestive and kidney diseases,the american diabetes association published a position statement on "The prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes" to help guide health care professionals in treating their patients with pre-diabetes.
There is a lot you can do yourself to know your risks for pre-diabetes and to take action to prevent diabetes if you have,or are at risk for,pre-diabetes.The american diabetes association has a wealth of resources for people with diabetes.People with pre-diabetes can expect to benefit from much of the same advice for good nutrition and physical activity.The links on this page are cornerstones of successful management of pre-diabetes.
Thriving with Diabetes
It is easy to become over whelmed by your diabetes and all that comes along with it.But it is possible to break that mind set and realize living successfully with diabetes is achievable.Thriving with diabetes offers down-to -earth tips and easy-to-use advice to get through the day-to-day hurdles of diabetes.
Type 2 diabetes
Conditions&treatment
Arm yourself with information about conditions associated with type 2 diabetes, and how to prevent them.Conditions associated with type 2 diabetes include hyperglycemia and hypiglycemia.You will also find helpful information about insulin,oral medications,various diagnostic tests including the A1c test, managing and checking your blood glucose,and tips on what to expect from your health care provider.
Complications
Having type 2 diabetes increases your risk for many serious complications.Some complications of type 2 diabetes include:heart disease,blindness,nerve damage,and kidney damage.Learn more about these complications and how to cope with them.
Your body's well being
Make it a priority to take good care of your body.The time you spend now on eye care,foot care and skin care,as well as your heart health and oral health, could delay or prevent the onset of danerous type2 diabetes complications later in life.Plus,some of the best things you can do for your body are to stop smoking,and reduce the amount of alcohol you drink.
Common concerns
This section addresses various areas to help you live with tyoe 2 diabetes.What do you do when you're sick?What do you do when you travel?Can you get a flu shot with diabetes?How do you cope with having type 2 diabetes?Are you being discriminated againse because you have diabetes?You'll find answers to these questions,and more in this section.
Are the pharmacist
The american diabetes association and rite aid "adk the pharmacist" area is where you can ask a pharmacist a question to help you manage your diabetes.Rite aid and the ada have partnered to allow you to access to rite aid's drug information center from our web site.
Arm yourself with information about conditions associated with type 2 diabetes, and how to prevent them.Conditions associated with type 2 diabetes include hyperglycemia and hypiglycemia.You will also find helpful information about insulin,oral medications,various diagnostic tests including the A1c test, managing and checking your blood glucose,and tips on what to expect from your health care provider.
Complications
Having type 2 diabetes increases your risk for many serious complications.Some complications of type 2 diabetes include:heart disease,blindness,nerve damage,and kidney damage.Learn more about these complications and how to cope with them.
Your body's well being
Make it a priority to take good care of your body.The time you spend now on eye care,foot care and skin care,as well as your heart health and oral health, could delay or prevent the onset of danerous type2 diabetes complications later in life.Plus,some of the best things you can do for your body are to stop smoking,and reduce the amount of alcohol you drink.
Common concerns
This section addresses various areas to help you live with tyoe 2 diabetes.What do you do when you're sick?What do you do when you travel?Can you get a flu shot with diabetes?How do you cope with having type 2 diabetes?Are you being discriminated againse because you have diabetes?You'll find answers to these questions,and more in this section.
Are the pharmacist
The american diabetes association and rite aid "adk the pharmacist" area is where you can ask a pharmacist a question to help you manage your diabetes.Rite aid and the ada have partnered to allow you to access to rite aid's drug information center from our web site.
Type 2 Diabetes------view
Type 2 diabetes is the most common from of diabetes.In type 2 diabetes,either the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells ignore the insulin.Insulin is necessary for the body to be able to use glucose for energy.When you eat food,the body breaks down all of the sugars and starches into glucose,which is the basic fuel for the cells in the body.Insulin takes the sugar from the blood into the cells. when glucose builds up in the blood instead of going into cells,it can cause two problems:
1.Right away,your cells may be starved for energy.
2.Over time,high blood glucose levels may hurt your eyes,kidneys,nerves or heart.
Finding out you have diabetes is scary.But don't panic.Type 2 diabetes is serious,but people with diabetes can live long,healthy,happy lives.
While diabetes occurs in people of all ages and races,some groups have a higher risk for developing type 2 diabetes than others, Type 2 diabetes is more common in african americans,latinos,natuve americans,and asian amerians/pacific islanders,as well as the aged population.
1.Right away,your cells may be starved for energy.
2.Over time,high blood glucose levels may hurt your eyes,kidneys,nerves or heart.
Finding out you have diabetes is scary.But don't panic.Type 2 diabetes is serious,but people with diabetes can live long,healthy,happy lives.
While diabetes occurs in people of all ages and races,some groups have a higher risk for developing type 2 diabetes than others, Type 2 diabetes is more common in african americans,latinos,natuve americans,and asian amerians/pacific islanders,as well as the aged population.
Type 1 Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in childten and young adults,and was previously known ad juvenile diabetes.In type 1 diabetes,the body does not produce insulin.Insulin is a hormone that is needed to convert sugar,atarches and other food into energy needed for daily life.
Finding out you have diabetes is scary. But don't panic.Type 1 diabetes is serious, but people with diabetes can live long,healthy,happy lives.
Conditions&Treatment
Arm yourself with information about conditions associated with type 1 diabetes,and how to prevent them.Conditions associated with type 1 diabetes include hyperglycemia,hypoglycemia,ketoacidosis and celiac disease.You will also find helpful information about insulin,choosing blood glucose meters,various diagnostic tests including the A1c test,managing and checking your bliid glucose,kidney and islet transplantations,
and tips on what to expect from your health care provider.
Complications
Having type 1 diabetes increases your risk for many serious complications.Some complications of type 1 diabetes include:heart disease,blindness,nerve damage,and kidney damage.Learn more about these complications and how to cope with them.
Recently Diagnosed
You've just been diagnosed with diabetes. Chances are you have a million questions running through your head.To help you answer those questions,and take the first steps toward better diabetes care,viset the Recently Diagnosed area for people who have just been diagnosed with diabetes,or those needing basic information.
Your body's well being
Make it a priority to take good care of your body.The time you spend noe on eye care,foot care and skin care,as well as your heart health and oral health,could delay or prevent the onset of dangerous type 1 diabetes complications later in life.Plus,some of the best things you can do for your body are to stop smoking ,and reduce the amount of alcohol you drink.
Common concerns
This section addresses various areas to help you live with type 1 diabetes.What do you do when you're sick?What do you do when you travel?Can you get a flu shot with diabetes?How do you cope with having type 1 diabetes?Are you being discriminated against because you have diabetes?You'll find answers to these questions,and more in this section.
Ask the pharmacist
The American diabetes association and rite aid "Ask the pharmacist" area is where you can ask a pharmacist a question to help you manage your diabetes.Rite aid and the ADA have partnered to allow you to access to rite aid's drug ingormation center from our web site.
Women and diabetes
Learn how to ensure your own health and well-being.
Health information for men
Learn how to ensure your own health and well-being.
Finding out you have diabetes is scary. But don't panic.Type 1 diabetes is serious, but people with diabetes can live long,healthy,happy lives.
Conditions&Treatment
Arm yourself with information about conditions associated with type 1 diabetes,and how to prevent them.Conditions associated with type 1 diabetes include hyperglycemia,hypoglycemia,ketoacidosis and celiac disease.You will also find helpful information about insulin,choosing blood glucose meters,various diagnostic tests including the A1c test,managing and checking your bliid glucose,kidney and islet transplantations,
and tips on what to expect from your health care provider.
Complications
Having type 1 diabetes increases your risk for many serious complications.Some complications of type 1 diabetes include:heart disease,blindness,nerve damage,and kidney damage.Learn more about these complications and how to cope with them.
Recently Diagnosed
You've just been diagnosed with diabetes. Chances are you have a million questions running through your head.To help you answer those questions,and take the first steps toward better diabetes care,viset the Recently Diagnosed area for people who have just been diagnosed with diabetes,or those needing basic information.
Your body's well being
Make it a priority to take good care of your body.The time you spend noe on eye care,foot care and skin care,as well as your heart health and oral health,could delay or prevent the onset of dangerous type 1 diabetes complications later in life.Plus,some of the best things you can do for your body are to stop smoking ,and reduce the amount of alcohol you drink.
Common concerns
This section addresses various areas to help you live with type 1 diabetes.What do you do when you're sick?What do you do when you travel?Can you get a flu shot with diabetes?How do you cope with having type 1 diabetes?Are you being discriminated against because you have diabetes?You'll find answers to these questions,and more in this section.
Ask the pharmacist
The American diabetes association and rite aid "Ask the pharmacist" area is where you can ask a pharmacist a question to help you manage your diabetes.Rite aid and the ADA have partnered to allow you to access to rite aid's drug ingormation center from our web site.
Women and diabetes
Learn how to ensure your own health and well-being.
Health information for men
Learn how to ensure your own health and well-being.
Diabetes Awareness: The Downside... a New Wardrobe?
Here is some common sense thinking:
I can't understand why anyone who has diabetes wouldn't exercise and watch what they eat.
The down side is that you may have to get an entire new wardrobe since exercice and healthy eating causes weight and size reduction.
When it happens,people tell you how great you look and than motivates you even more.
Other side effects:you'll also sleep better and feel more rested than before you started walking and eating better.
I prefer walking outside,especially when the weather is nice.I even designed a walking path about 2.5 miles long around my neighborhood;part flat and part hilly.
You'll find that a walking program helps more than your body.
"For me,walking time is good thinking time.Nobody is there to interrupt my thoughts.And even when i walk on the treadmill in front of the TV,Ifind it helps me get ready for the day."
Exercise and healthy eating...A powerful duo for diabetics!
Ask your doctor about diabetes and have your blood sugar checked several times a year.
I can't understand why anyone who has diabetes wouldn't exercise and watch what they eat.
The down side is that you may have to get an entire new wardrobe since exercice and healthy eating causes weight and size reduction.
When it happens,people tell you how great you look and than motivates you even more.
Other side effects:you'll also sleep better and feel more rested than before you started walking and eating better.
I prefer walking outside,especially when the weather is nice.I even designed a walking path about 2.5 miles long around my neighborhood;part flat and part hilly.
You'll find that a walking program helps more than your body.
"For me,walking time is good thinking time.Nobody is there to interrupt my thoughts.And even when i walk on the treadmill in front of the TV,Ifind it helps me get ready for the day."
Exercise and healthy eating...A powerful duo for diabetics!
Ask your doctor about diabetes and have your blood sugar checked several times a year.
Pre-Diabetes - The Calm Before the Storm
Remember when the medical world identified pre-hypertension to better monitor your blood pressure?The new buzz:Pre-Diabetes concerns a similar condition pinpointing people who are at severe risk for getting diabetes.Because diabetes silently invades your body,early detection and corrective action are critically important.
The goal with identifying pre-diabetes is to prevent the onset of diabetes from ever happening.
How do you know if you need testing for pre-diabetes?Good question.The truth is- You may not know.It's our human nature to wait until our body produces a pain or ache before we visit the doctor's office.With pre-diabetes,noticeable symptoms like frequent thirst and urination may not occur until the disease has progressed and is already causing considerable damage to your body.Most type 2 diabetics don't have symptoms because the onset of diabetes is so slow.
Your physician can determine if you habe pre-diabetes with two common tests.The fasting plasma glucose test and the oral glucose tolerance test.Both require an overnight fast.
The good news is that you can likely prevent diabetes with early detection and proper care.
Don't wait 'til it hurts.Ask your doctor about diabetes and have your blood sugar checked several times a year.
The goal with identifying pre-diabetes is to prevent the onset of diabetes from ever happening.
How do you know if you need testing for pre-diabetes?Good question.The truth is- You may not know.It's our human nature to wait until our body produces a pain or ache before we visit the doctor's office.With pre-diabetes,noticeable symptoms like frequent thirst and urination may not occur until the disease has progressed and is already causing considerable damage to your body.Most type 2 diabetics don't have symptoms because the onset of diabetes is so slow.
Your physician can determine if you habe pre-diabetes with two common tests.The fasting plasma glucose test and the oral glucose tolerance test.Both require an overnight fast.
The good news is that you can likely prevent diabetes with early detection and proper care.
Don't wait 'til it hurts.Ask your doctor about diabetes and have your blood sugar checked several times a year.
What is Diabetes
Diabetes is a disease of abnormal metabolism --when good health ,the body will after the meal broken down Carbohydrate into glucose digestion .Glucose is a sugar, is our main source of energy for the body.it will then go after the blood glucose and the cell growth and energy absorption as the source material. inglucose from the blood into cells, we meed to insulin.Insulin is a pancreatic secretion of the hormone.Pancreas located an the rear of the stomach.
Common Variants of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1B are Associated with Type 2 Diabetes in a Chinese Population
Congrong Wang,Cheng Hu,Rong Zhang,Yuqian Bao,Xiaojing Ma,Jingyi Lu,Wen Qin,Xinyu Shao,Junxi Lu,Jing Xu,Huijuan Lu,Kunsan Xiang,and Weiping Jia
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism,Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People'e Hospital,shanghai diabetes institute,shanghai clinical center faor diabetes
Objective:Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1*(HNF1B) is a transcription factor that is critical for pancreatic cell formation and glucose homeostasis.Previous studies have reported thar common variants of HNF1B were associated with type 2 diabetes in caucasians and west africans.However analysis in the subjecs from the botnia study and malm?Preventive project produced a conflicting result and the role for HNF1B in type 2 diabetes susceptibility has remained unclear.We therefore investigated common variants across the HNF1B gene in a chinese population.
Research Design and Methods:Fifteen tagging SNPs were analyzed for association with type 2 diabetes in subjects with type 2 diabetes (n=1,859) and normal glucose regulation (n=1,785).
Results:Consistent with the initial study,we observed evidence that the risk G allele of rs4430796 in intron 2 was significantly associated with type 2 diabetes (odds rario [OR] 1.16 [95 CI% 1.05 - 1.29],P=0.0035,empirical p=0.0475).
Furthermore,the at-risk G allele was associated with earlier age an diagnosis in the type 2 diabetic subjects(P=0.0228).
Conclusions:The result of this study provides evidence that variants in the HNF1B region contribute to susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in the Chinese population.
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism,Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People'e Hospital,shanghai diabetes institute,shanghai clinical center faor diabetes
Objective:Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1*(HNF1B) is a transcription factor that is critical for pancreatic cell formation and glucose homeostasis.Previous studies have reported thar common variants of HNF1B were associated with type 2 diabetes in caucasians and west africans.However analysis in the subjecs from the botnia study and malm?Preventive project produced a conflicting result and the role for HNF1B in type 2 diabetes susceptibility has remained unclear.We therefore investigated common variants across the HNF1B gene in a chinese population.
Research Design and Methods:Fifteen tagging SNPs were analyzed for association with type 2 diabetes in subjects with type 2 diabetes (n=1,859) and normal glucose regulation (n=1,785).
Results:Consistent with the initial study,we observed evidence that the risk G allele of rs4430796 in intron 2 was significantly associated with type 2 diabetes (odds rario [OR] 1.16 [95 CI% 1.05 - 1.29],P=0.0035,empirical p=0.0475).
Furthermore,the at-risk G allele was associated with earlier age an diagnosis in the type 2 diabetic subjects(P=0.0228).
Conclusions:The result of this study provides evidence that variants in the HNF1B region contribute to susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in the Chinese population.
Exercise & Diabetes
You are no doubt aware that exercise can help prevent the serious complications that often come with Diabetes and heart disease.Research has repeatedly shown thar regular physical activity helps reduce the likelihood of having a heart attack or a stroke,aids in weigh loss,and improves mood.
But do you know that exercise can also help you reduce your blood glucose levels?
That's right.In people with type II diabetes,exercise may improve insulin sensitivity and assist in lowering elevated blood glucose levels into the normal range.
Here's how. When you exercise,your body users more oxygen--ad much as 20 times more--and even more in the working muscies,than when you are at rest.So the muscles use more glucose to meet their increased energy needs.
At the same time,exercise improves the action of insulin in the peripheral muscles,making it more efficient, so you get more out of the insulin your body is producing.
In older people with diabetes,the decrease in insulin sensitivity that comes with aging is also partly due to a lack of physical activity.So regular exercise benefits you now,and for years to come.
Sometimes,it may seem easier to pop a pill or even take a shot than to put on your walking shoes and hit the trail.But the truth is that exercise,in combination with a healthy diet,is one of the best things you can do to take care of yourself if you have diabetes.
Why exercise?
Exercise burns calories,which will help you lose weight or maintain a healthy weght.
Regular exercise can help your body respond to insulin and is known to be effective in managing blood glucose.Exercise can lower blood glucose and possibly reduce the amount of medication you need to treat diabetes,or even eliminate the need for medication.
Exercise can improve your circulation,especially in your arms and legs,where people with diabetes can have problems.
Exercise can help reduce your cholesterol and high blood pressure.High cholesterol and high blood pressure can lead to a heart attack or stroke.
Exercise helps reduce stress,which can raise your glucose level.
In some people,exercise combined with ameal plan,can control type II diabetes without the need for medications.
Sources:National Diabetes DataGroup.Diabetes in America,2nd edition.NIDDK.Jayachandran.R
But do you know that exercise can also help you reduce your blood glucose levels?
That's right.In people with type II diabetes,exercise may improve insulin sensitivity and assist in lowering elevated blood glucose levels into the normal range.
Here's how. When you exercise,your body users more oxygen--ad much as 20 times more--and even more in the working muscies,than when you are at rest.So the muscles use more glucose to meet their increased energy needs.
At the same time,exercise improves the action of insulin in the peripheral muscles,making it more efficient, so you get more out of the insulin your body is producing.
In older people with diabetes,the decrease in insulin sensitivity that comes with aging is also partly due to a lack of physical activity.So regular exercise benefits you now,and for years to come.
Sometimes,it may seem easier to pop a pill or even take a shot than to put on your walking shoes and hit the trail.But the truth is that exercise,in combination with a healthy diet,is one of the best things you can do to take care of yourself if you have diabetes.
Why exercise?
Exercise burns calories,which will help you lose weight or maintain a healthy weght.
Regular exercise can help your body respond to insulin and is known to be effective in managing blood glucose.Exercise can lower blood glucose and possibly reduce the amount of medication you need to treat diabetes,or even eliminate the need for medication.
Exercise can improve your circulation,especially in your arms and legs,where people with diabetes can have problems.
Exercise can help reduce your cholesterol and high blood pressure.High cholesterol and high blood pressure can lead to a heart attack or stroke.
Exercise helps reduce stress,which can raise your glucose level.
In some people,exercise combined with ameal plan,can control type II diabetes without the need for medications.
Sources:National Diabetes DataGroup.Diabetes in America,2nd edition.NIDDK.Jayachandran.R
Traveling With Diabetes
Follow this advice before you hit you the road:Keep glucose goods close at hand.If you are traveling by plane,pack your medications,insulin,syringes,test strips,lancets,ketone strips,and other supplies so there's no chance of losing them.Consider bringing extra supplies in your checked luggage.Make sure all medications bear the original pharmacy prescription labels.If you don't already have one,get a medical ID bracelet or necklace that alerts people that you have diabetes and provides a number to call in an emergency.
Pack a snack.Wherever you go,take a totable snack like an apple,an energy bar,a banana,raisins,or cheese and crackers in case your blood sugar starts to dip when you don't have immediate access to your food.If you sample your snacks en route,replenish your supplies as soon as you can.
Mind your meals.If you're flying or taking an extended trip by rail,call the carrier a few days before you depart and ask what special meals they have available for people with diabetes or heart disease(there may be more than one option to choose from).When you're en route,wait for meal service to actually begin before you take your pre-meal insulin to make sure you don't experience low blood sugar in the event that service is unexpectedly slowed or canceled.When traveling by car,try to stick to your regular mealtime schedule to keep your blood sugar stable.If thar's not possible,carry snacks along with you and be alert to symptoms of low blood sugar,such ad nervousness,sweating,and crankiness.If you feel a hypoglycemic episode coming on,pull over immediately and take a sugar pill or habe something to eat.Wait at least 10 to 15 minutes for the feeling to pass before continuing on.
Get in the zone.Traveling across diffenrent time zones can throw your schedule completely off,but you can copensate for the disruption if you're careful.When adding hours to your day by traveling west,you may need to take more insulin.
When losing hours traveling east,you may need less.Check with your doctor for specific recommendations.As for timing your injections and meals.keep your watch--and your schedule--to the local time the morning after you arrive.
Pack a snack.Wherever you go,take a totable snack like an apple,an energy bar,a banana,raisins,or cheese and crackers in case your blood sugar starts to dip when you don't have immediate access to your food.If you sample your snacks en route,replenish your supplies as soon as you can.
Mind your meals.If you're flying or taking an extended trip by rail,call the carrier a few days before you depart and ask what special meals they have available for people with diabetes or heart disease(there may be more than one option to choose from).When you're en route,wait for meal service to actually begin before you take your pre-meal insulin to make sure you don't experience low blood sugar in the event that service is unexpectedly slowed or canceled.When traveling by car,try to stick to your regular mealtime schedule to keep your blood sugar stable.If thar's not possible,carry snacks along with you and be alert to symptoms of low blood sugar,such ad nervousness,sweating,and crankiness.If you feel a hypoglycemic episode coming on,pull over immediately and take a sugar pill or habe something to eat.Wait at least 10 to 15 minutes for the feeling to pass before continuing on.
Get in the zone.Traveling across diffenrent time zones can throw your schedule completely off,but you can copensate for the disruption if you're careful.When adding hours to your day by traveling west,you may need to take more insulin.
When losing hours traveling east,you may need less.Check with your doctor for specific recommendations.As for timing your injections and meals.keep your watch--and your schedule--to the local time the morning after you arrive.
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